|
依製程區分
►射出成型
(Injection molding)
射出成型法廣泛用於熱塑性塑膠(thermoplastic
resin)加工，主要將塑粒狀(pellet)成型材料，經活塞(cylinder)／螺桿(screw)加熱成液態，再經由噴口(nozzle)射出於模具(mold)後冷卻成型。
►押出成型
(Extrusion molding)
同理，將塑料經螺桿融溶擠出，若以O型模頭(O-die)吹製成袋則統稱為吹袋法(blown
film)；若以T型模頭(T-die)拉製成薄膜是為流延法(casting
film)；押製成板片則為押板法(extrusion
sheet)；淋塗於其他結構材料統稱淋膜法(lamination)。
若押出成型機由數組螺桿組成，即可製備多層複合結構(multi-layer)，例如：ABA,
ABCBA, ABCDE…等，稱之為多層共擠押(co-extrusion)。
備註：一般而言，若材料厚度<0.25mm(1/100
inch)稱之為薄膜(film)；反之，稱之為板材(sheet)
►複合材料
(Compounding)
採特定配比將主塑料、副塑料、填充劑(filler)、添加劑(additive)…等混合，配製成可適當加工材料。可區分為共混(alloy)、填充(PP/filler)、增強(GF-PA)、改性(conductive)；依塑料軟硬程度亦可分為軟料掺配和硬料掺配。
►纖維
(Fiber)
採用不同塑料紡製，依應用需求可區分成短纖(staple
fiber)、長纖(filament
fiber)。
各製程適用的添加劑如下
|
添加劑 |
射出成型 |
押出成型 |
複合材料 |
纖維 |
|
抗氧化劑
(anti-oxidant agent) |
|
|
◎ |
|
|
抗靜電劑
(anti-static agent) |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
|
偶合劑 (coupling
agent) |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
|
增韌劑/耐寒劑 (impact
modifier) |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
|
剛性提升劑 (nucleating
agent) |
◎ |
|
◎ |
|
|
耐刮改質劑 (anti-scratching
agent) |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
|
脱模離型劑 (mold
releasing agent) |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
|
|
流動改質劑 (flow
modifier) |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
|
分散劑 (dispersion
agent) |
◎ |
|
◎ |
◎ |
|
發泡劑 (foaming
agent) |
◎ |
◎ |
|
|
|
防縮劑 (anti-shrinking
agent) |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
|
|
滑劑 (slip
agent) |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
|
|
耐燃協效劑 (flame
retardant) |
◎ |
|
◎ |
|
|
摩擦係數改質劑 (lubricant) |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
|
|
表面改質劑 (surface
modifier) |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
|
抗菌防黴劑 (anti-microbial/anti-fungi
agent) |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
|
防霧劑 (anti-fogging
agent) |
◎ |
◎ |
|
|
|
抗黏劑 (anti-blocking
agent) |
◎ |
◎ |
|
|
|
黏著層 (adhesive
agent) |
|
◎ |
|
|
|
霧面消光劑 (matting
agent) |
|
◎ |
|
|
|
擴散劑 (diffusion
agent) |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
|
|
柔軟改質劑 (softening
modifier) |
|
|
|
◎ |
|
色母 (color
masterbatch) |
|
|
|
◎ |
|
機能性纖維
(functional fiber) |
|
|
◎ |
|
|
浮纖抑制劑 |
|
|
◎ |
|
|
螺桿清洗劑
(purging agent) |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
|
長纖維增強複合材料
(LFT) |
◎ |
◎ |
|
|
|
導電/電磁遮蔽
(conductive / EMI shielding) |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
|
|
流動改質劑 (flow modifier) |
◎ |
◎ |
◎ |
|
|
